Introduction

The Internet Resources

Human organ systems

• Basic Anatomy - Tissues & Organs - There are many different types of cells in the human body

• biology 101 human organ system - human organ system study site.

• Organ System Pathology Images - Sections of the WebPath images are available for viewing below by organ system. Each section consists of a series of images demonstrating gross and microscopic pathologic findings for a variety of disease processes. A short description accompanies each image. The images are inline .jpg or .gif files that are 20k to 250k in size and are best viewed with a Web Browser that supports display of such files. The images are indexed as

• Bones, Joints and Muscles - Bones, Joints and Muscles

• Lesson 3: Cells, Tissues, Organs, and Organ Systems - Students have a general understanding of various organ systems but are not aware of the histological components of these systems. A review of the cellular components of various organ systems and the functions of the numerous differentiated cells is important in understanding the genetic differentiation of cells in the human body.

• A WebQuest on the Human Body - In a perfect world, all human body systems would work at peak performance 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, 52 weeks every year! Alas, we know that our world is not perfect, and that humans frequently experience 'system failures'. Although some of these failures are out of our control, many are the direct effect of poor lifestyle choices. Think about some of the decisions you are faced with making.....whether or not to smoke, use drugs, drink, diet, or use steroids, just to name a few. As a high school student, you will be responsible for designing a lesson to present to sixth graders to help them make some of those tough decisions. How will you convince them to make the right choices? --------------------------------------------------------------------------------

• Cells and Human Biology: PEER Teaching Assignment - You will be working in teams of 4 to create and present a 'wearable' display about the human organ system that you have been assigned. There will be a book of examples for you to look at but you may design your own from scratch if you choose. On the designated day, one of your team members will 'wear' your display for a 'Human Organ Review'. The other members of your team will present visual and oral information to the class about your system. This information should include:

• national digestive system - Appendicitis is inflammation of the appendix, a small pouch attached to the cecum, the beginning of the colon, on the lower right side of the abdomen. The appendix is not necessary for life, but it can become diseased. If untreated, an inflamed appendix can burst, causing infection and even death. Appendicitis can affect people at any age. It is most common in people ages 10 to 30.

• Life Cycle - Human Biology (3A) - The human body is composed of different systems that have specific tasks to complete. The Respiratory System contains organs, that working together will allow us to breathe. The respiratory system has lungs, diaphragm, and trachea. However, the heart is also part of the respiratory as it pumps blood into the lungs to get oxygenated. It is important to emphasize that we operate as a well-tuned machine, with most of our parts having more than one function. When one part of the body fails, it sometimes triggers other organs to fail also. Below are descriptions that may be useful when the students do their activity.

• Life Systems: Grade 5 - Human Organ Systems - demonstrate an understanding of the structure and function of the respiratory, circulatory, digestive, excretory, and nervous systems, and the interactions of organs within each system; investigate the structure and function of the major organs of the respiratory, circulatory, digestive, excretory, and nervous systems; demonstrate understanding of factors that contribute to good health.

• PHYSIOLOGY OF HUMAN ORGAN SYSTEMS - Having learned some of the cellular control mechanisms in BI 20B2 this course asks: How do the major body organs and systems work – both alone and in communication with one another? How do we adapt to changing circumstances, control breathing as required, adjust to our nutritional needs, spawn new generations? Taking the knowledge learned in BI 20B2 forward, this course will explore the physiology behind the way in which the heart supplies even the furthest extremities with nutrition and oxygen and how gases are extracted from the air we breathe by our lungs. The kidney (fluid balance), the digestive system (nutrition) and the reproductive systems will also be explained in detail. Complemented by BI 25B1 this course will provide an overview of what goes on inside your body, and what happens when it goes wrong. 3 lectures and 1 lab session per week. 1 two-hour exam paper. Continuous assessment on practical work. Optional oral.

• Musculo-Skeletal System - The musculo-skeletal system is composed of muscles, bones, cartilages, ligaments and tendons. Combined, these components fulfill many functions, including movement, posture maintenance, support and protection of internal organs

• ORGAN SYSTEMS AND HOMEOSTASIS - is the maintenance of a stable internal environment. Homeostasis is a term coined in 1959 to describe the physical and chemical parameters that an organism must maintain to allow proper functioning of its component cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems. Single-celled organisms are surrounded by their external environment. Most multicellular organisms have most of their cells protected from the external environment, having them surrounded by an aqueous internal environment. This internal environment must be maintained in such a state as to allow maximum efficiency. The ultimate control of homeostasis is done by the nervous system. Often this control is in the form of negative feedback loops. Heat control is a major function of homeostatic conditions that involves the integration of skin, muscular, nervous, and circulatory systems. Multicellular organisms have a series of organs and organ systems that function

• Cells and Human Biology: PEER Teaching Assignment - You will be working in teams of 4 to create and present a 'wearable' display about the human organ system that you have been assigned. There will be a book of examples for you to look at but you may design your own from scratch if you choose. On the designated day, one of your team members will 'wear' your display for a 'Human Organ Review'. The other members of your team will present visual and oral information to the class about your system. This information should include:

• Aminophylline/theophylline - Poisoning from the ingestion of aminophylline or theophylline. Alternative names

• Amniocentesis - Amniocentesis is a diagnostic procedure performed by inserting a hollow needle through the abdominal wall into the uterus and withdrawing a small amount of fluid from the sac surrounding the fetus. Alternative names

• Amylase - urine - A test that measures the amount of amylase in urine.

• Life Cycle - Human Biology - The human body is composed of different systems that have specific tasks to complete. The Respiratory System contains organs, that working together will allow us to breathe. The respiratory system has lungs, diaphragm, and trachea. However, the heart is also part of the respiratory as it pumps blood into the lungs to get oxygenated. It is important to emphasize that we operate as a well-tuned machine, with most of our parts having more than one function. When one part of the body fails, it sometimes triggers other organs to fail also. Below are descriptions that may be useful when

• The Digestive System - Digestion breaks down food into simpler substances so it can be used and absorbed into the body It takes place in the alimentary canal, (food tube), mainly in the stomach and small intestine Digested food is absorbed into the blood system

• The Respiratory System - This is for taking in oxygen and removing waste carbon dioxide Air enters the lungs by movement of the rib muscles and diaphragm Oxygen is absorbed into the blood system

• The Excretory System - This removes toxic and other waste materials from the body. Waste material is filtered out of the blood by the kidneys and made into urine This is stored in the bladder and released via the urethra

• The Circulatory System - The heart pumps blood around the body It supplies cells with oxygen and food, then carries away the wastes like carbon dioxide

• The Reproductive System - This is for producing offspring Eggs are produced by the ovaries in a female Sperm are produced by the testes of a male and they then endeavour to fertilise the eggs

diseases

• human psysiology - Biology website references for students and teachers

• human diseases - Diseases, Disorders and Related Topics

• centers for disease control and preention - this site helps u cure some diseases

• inerbody - Select a new image by moving the mouse over the image. As shown in the example above diamonds will appear called Pick Points on all areas that can be picked. An eye glass icon will appear along with the name of the item next to your pointer. Selecting the eye glass will display a new image. Selecting the text icon will provide information on the image you are viewing. To backup to the previous image, you will need to select the back command on your browser.

• Science & Technology - Great site with experiements to try, quizzes to take, and a body tour!

• Diseases and Disorders - Patients and laypersons looking for guidance among the target sources of this collection of links are strongly advised to review the information retrieved with their professional veterinarian.

• Neuromuscular Diseases in the MDA Program - The pages in this section will introduce you to the diseases in MDA's program. Follow any of the links below to find

• Request Your Copy of Generic Biologics White Paper - In March of 2003, NORD hosted a symposium in Washington, DC, on an emerging issue of great importance to the rare disease community - Exploring the Pathway to Generic Biologics: Are Therapeutically Equivalent Biologics Feasible and Desirable? Speakers, representing government agencies, academic institutions, and industry, addressed scientific, economic, and regulatory concerns related to this complex topic. A publication summarizing the proceedings will be available very soon from NORD. To request a copy, please call (203) 744-0100 and ask for Information Services.

• diseased explained - is a condition involving blemishes (or lesions) of the skin that affects most people at some stage of their life.

• Diseases of the Liver - This resource is an alphabetical list of liver diseases and conditions with hypertext links to files at this site, or to other sites, that provide relevant information. It also has a links to:

• search disease - Cancer, AIDS, diabetes and heart disease have had a major impact on the lives of billions of people through out the world. Still, disease isn't just about big numbers. Its also about the pain and suffering it can bring to ourselves and our families. SearchDisease.com is about recent developments in our fight against Alzheimer's disease, asthma, glaucoma, Parkinson's disease, arthritis, herpes, MS and others --------------------------------------------------------------------------------

• healthfinder - hand-picked health information from A to Z — prevention & wellness, diseases & conditions, and alternative medicine — plus medical dictionaries, an encyclopedia, journals, and more

• Abscess - An abscess is a tender, easily pressed mass generally surrounded by a colored area from pink to deep red. The middle of an abscess is full of pus and debris. Painful and warm to touch, abscesses can show up any place on your body. The most common sites are in your armpits (axillae), areas around your anus and vagina (Bartholin gland abscess), the base of your spine (pilonidal abscess), around a tooth (dental abscess), and in your groin. Inflammation around a hair follicle can also lead to the formation of an abscess, which is called a boil (furuncle). Unlike other infections, antibiotics alone will not cure an

• Anal Abscess - A perirectal abscess is a collection of pus in the deep tissues near the anus. By contrast, a perianal abscess is a shallower collection of pus under the skin surrounding the anus. Both types of abscesses need immediate attention. A delay in treatment may cause serious worsening of

• Anorectal abscesses - Brain abscesses, which may cause brain inflammation, damage brain tissue and even may be fatal. Cranial epidural abscesses, which occur between the outer membranes that cover the brain and the bones of the skull. Epidural abscesses can lead to subdural abscesses (abscesses below the brain covering) or meningitis (inflammation of the membranes covering the brain and spinal cord). Although rare, cranial epidural abscesses can cause serious damage or death, if not treated promptly. Liver abscesses, which may be fatal, even if treated. Lung abscesses, pus-filled cavities that typically occur when infectious

• Aase syndrome - Aase syndrome is a rare, inherited disorder characterized by anemia with some joint and skeletal deformities

• Abdomen - swollen - A swollen abdomen is marked by increased abdominal girth. Alternative names Swollen belly; Swelling in the abdomen; Abdominal distention; Distended abdomen

• Ambiguous genitalia - A congenital physical abnormality where the outer genitals do not have the typical appearance of either sex. (See also genetics

• Amelogenesis imperfecta - A condition in which both primary and permanent teeth are covered with thin, malformed enamel. Causes, incidence, and risk factors Amelogenesis imperfecta is an inherited condition which is transmitted as a dominant trait and causes the enamel of the tooth to be soft and thin. The teeth appear yellow, because the dentin is visible through the thin enamel and are easily damaged. Prevention

• Aminoaciduria - This test screens for increased levels of amino acid excretion in the urine that indicates possible inborn errors of metabolism caused by a specific enzyme deficiency. Alternative names

• Aminophylline/theophylline - Poisoning from the ingestion of aminophylline or theophylline. Alternative names

• Amelogenesis imperfecta - A condition in which both primary and permanent teeth are covered with thin, malformed enamel. Causes, incidence, and risk factors Amelogenesis imperfecta is an inherited condition which is transmitted as a dominant trait and causes the enamel of the tooth to be soft and thin. The teeth appear yellow, because the dentin is visible through the thin enamel and are easily damaged. Prevention

• Aminoaciduria - This test screens for increased levels of amino acid excretion in the urine that indicates possible inborn errors of metabolism caused by a specific enzyme deficiency. Alternative names

• Amniotic constriction bands - This is a congenital (present from birth) deformity of the limbs (arms or legs) or digits (fingers or toes) caused by a type of damage to the placenta which cuts off their blood supply and prevents normal development.

• Amniocentesis - Amniocentesis is a diagnostic procedure performed by inserting a hollow needle through the abdominal wall into the uterus and withdrawing a small amount of fluid from the sac surrounding the fetus. Alternative names

• Amniotic constriction bands - This is a congenital (present from birth) deformity of the limbs (arms or legs) or digits (fingers or toes) caused by a type of damage to the placenta which cuts off their blood supply and prevents normal development.

• Amylase - urine - A test that measures the amount of amylase in urine.